现代文翻译
长安城 once parted, ten thousand li separated by mist and waves
Green mountains at dusk by the sea, white hair grows many on the edge of the world
Seeking monks because of watching bamboo, visiting the Way or seeking geese
Cloudy trees without apes or birds, dark cliffs full of climbing vines
In drunkenness I keep the guest from Yue, in inspiration I glance at the courtyard branches
Yellow leaves still follow the body, the red sky has not been touched by the back
Sorrow of parting connects dawn and dusk, dreams of return wind around passes and rivers
High willows face cold cicadas, empty steps harmonize with night rain
Years pass in vain, fame and officialdom turn to wasted time
On the south path and east city road, how many times has spring come and passed?
词语注释
文学赏析
耿湋此诗作于晚年，是一首寄赠友人司空曙的联句之作。全诗以“别”为骨，以“愁”为脉，将空间之远、时间之久、身世之悲层层铺展，读来令人低回不已。
开篇“长安一分首，万里隔烟波”便气象苍凉。长安是仕途中心，也是友情汇聚之地；“一分首”看似轻描淡写，实则暗含多年宦海浮沉后的无奈。一个“隔”字，将万里烟波的距离感推向极致，也为全诗奠定了苍茫的基调。
颔联“海上青山暮，天涯白发多”堪称全诗最精彩的两句。海上青山本应苍翠，却笼罩在“暮”色之中——这既是实景，更是心境。而“天涯白发多”更将个体的衰老置于无垠的空间背景之下，青山暮色与天涯白发相互映照，构成了一幅极具张力的画面：人在天涯，头白如雪，青山依旧，人事已非。这一联对仗工整，意象密集，情感沉郁，足见诗人晚年笔力之老辣。
颈联以下，诗人转而写日常生活的细节：寻僧看竹、访道求鹅，看似闲适，实则透露出内心的空虚与孤独。云树无猿鸟，阴崖足薺萝——这六字写尽荒寂之境，也暗示了诗人远离尘嚣、独对空山的心境。
“醉中留越客，兴里眄庭柯”二句，写醉态与闲情，看似洒脱，实则藏着深深的无奈。黄叶身仍逐，丹霄背未摩——黄叶飘零，身不由己；丹霄高远，背未触及。这一联以黄叶自比，以丹霄喻仕途，写出了诗人晚年宦海沉浮、壮志难酬的悲凉。
“别愁连旦暮，归梦绕关河”二句，将别愁写得绵长不绝，旦暮相连，归梦绕河，情感真挚动人。高柳寒蝉对，空阶夜雨和——这一联以景结情，寒蝉对柳，夜雨敲阶，声音与画面交织，营造出一种凄清孤寂的氛围，令人仿佛置身其中。
结尾“年华空荏苒，名宦转蹉跎”直抒胸臆，道出诗人对岁月虚度、功名无成的感慨。而“南陌东城路，春来几度过”则以问句收束，余韵悠长——年年春至，旧路重来，人事已非，唯余感慨。
全诗语言凝练，情感深沉，既有盛唐余韵，又带中唐之悲凉，堪称耿湋晚年代表作之一。